Every
spring we have three plants that pop up like clockwork here in east Texas. The
three Musketeers if you please. They are Red Buckeye (Aesculus pavia), May Apple (Podophyllum
peltatum) and Bladderwort (Utricularia
spp.).
The Red Buckeye is one of the first native plants to leaf out and bloom in the spring. Chances are you miss it in the woods unless you are looking for it. I am lucky because mine is at the edge of my driveway. Leafing out begins with large, bronze buds which morph into shiny, dark green, palmate, compound leaves. Red Buckeye can grow to 8’-10’ tall. But the best part is the bloom. In early April, showy, erect 4” long panicles of bright red tubular flowers, which are hermaphrodite, appear. Hummingbird scouts that come through our area in late March and April use the flowers as a nectar source during migration. In the fall, a smooth, light brown fruit appears. Don’t eat – it is highly poisonous. Red Buckeye typically grows as an understory tree in the moist, rich, slightly acidic soils of the Pineywoods, but it is found as well on the Post Oak Savannah. Positively unique in many ways, don’t you think?
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| Red Buckeye |
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| Red Buckeye bloom |
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| Red Buckeye fruit |
The strange Mayapple or Mandrake, Devil's apple, hog apple, Indian apple or umbrella
plant (you decide) is an
herbaceous perennial plant native to deciduous forests. The stalk which is
5-7 inches long will be topped with 1, 2 or occasionally 3 leaves which are
deeply divided into lobes on the reproductive plant, or one umbrella-like leaf
on a sterile plant. A single white flower, which has 6 petals located at the
axil (V where the two leaves meet), will produce a yellow-greenish fruit. The ripened fruit, which our feral hogs love, is
edible in moderate amounts, though when consumed in large amounts the fruit is
poisonous. Some folks make jelly out of the fruit but with a name like Devil’s
apple, I think I will pass.
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| Mayapple |
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| Field of Mayapples |
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| Mayapple flower |
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| Mayapple fruit |
Floating
on our local lakes right now are the free-floating bladderworts which are
annuals. They resemble a small wagon wheel with a flower stem in the middle.
Inflated stalks form the spokes of the wagon wheel which support masses of
submerged leaves coated with small round bladders called utricles. These
submerged parts of the bladderwort provide habitat for many micro and macro
invertebrates which in turn are used for food by fish and other wildlife. Sweet
yellow 3-lobed flowers with a ‘spur’ are above the water. These
plants are carnivorous and capture small organisms with their underwater leaves.
(Insert theme from Twighlight Zone.) Sensitive, hair-like projections surround the utricle's closed
trapdoor. Water fleas, protozoa and other passing
organisms that touch the hairs instantly trigger the flattened bladder to open.
Like a suction bulb, the utricle inflates and inhales both water and prey. The
trapdoor snaps shut, and the plant then secretes enzymes, which dissolve the
organisms into nutrients. Weird! These
plants can form dense mats but die off by July. The dead plants are decomposed
by bacteria and fungi and provide food for many aquatic invertebrates.
Bladderworts are one of Texas’ four flesh-eating plants.
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| Bladderwort |
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Bladderwort - picture taken
while kayaking |
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| Bladderwort down by the dam |
There
you go. Not necessarily the good, bad and ugly but the unique, strange and
downright weird.
